Calcareous Tufa: Deposition and Erosion during Geological Times

There is a general agreement in referring the deposition of calcareous tufa to climatic causes. Warm climates are believed favor formation due higher concentrations biogenic CO2 soils, enhancing dissolution rates CaCO3 and broader development aquatic plants that remove from spring waters. Conversely, cold considered less favorable because reduced biological activity soils lesser plants. Dry also unfavorable scarcity rainwater consequent reduction water circulating ground discharge contrary humid climates, which, besides allowing abundant infiltration emergence, spreading vegetation cover, processes growth An additional factor controlling may be temperature difference between surface aquifer connection with major changes low thermal conductivity limestone bedrock. With climate warming, infiltrating water, made highly acidic when crossing soil elevated partial pressure present therein, percolating through progressively colder levels aquifer, induces relevant CaCO3, definitely than normal conditions. At temperatures, running turbulence, photosynthetic mosses algae, evaporation spray droplets, groundwater loses CO2, becoming oversaturated causing deposition, even at great distance spring. Opposite effects, such as dissolved carbonate upper bedrock layers emergence waters undersaturated capable further dissolution, expected occur This model appears confirmed by deposition/erosion stages tufa, which repeatedly occurred during Holocene late Pleistocene different parts world.